Today we had very important lecture, it was about referencing. Referencing is important when doing an academic project.
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| Figure 1: Referencing (Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010) |
As stated by Newcastle (2008) referencing is "When you research a topic for an assignment you may use ideas or information from a number of sources, including books, articles from journals or newspapers and websites to support your own work. Referencing is a way of showing what sources you have used, giving credit to the original authors (Newcastle, 2008)."
Why do we need to reference is it a must?
Yes it is a must to reference the the ideas got from different books, magazines etc. According to Newcastle (2008) there are some reasons to do reference,
1.To avoid plagiarism by giving credit to the original source of an idea, piece of information or resource.
2. To support your work with the authoritative work of another author.
3. To demonstrate your knowledge and familiarity with a topic that you have researched.
4.To help readers of your work to find the original source of information or ideas that you have used.
Lecturer stated that we need to follow Harvard referencing style for referencing and citations. Blow I have discussed all the points that discussed in today lecture. Lecturer started to teach referencing by explaining the different ways of citations that can use in a document.
One citations belongs only to a one sentence.Which means one citation valid from one full-stop to the next full-stop Below has mentioned some of the examples,
2. The problems that has identified in this system.......... (Pattinsopn, 2007).
3. If a student need to refer to big paragraph student can follow below citation style.
first 1 and 1/2 lines and last 1 and 1/2 lines should extend and the content should be intended as follow figure.
4. If there are multiple citations for same idea need to cite all the references,
Fernando 2010; Sliva 2012; Perera 2011
Lecturer stated one common mistake done by students was do not include all the references which citations included in the document and sometimes has include links in references which has not used in the document. Lecturer said that we need to be avoid mistakes like this. Lecturer discussed more about citations he said that references and citations will not included to the word count and lecturer advised students to use Microsoft Word, Word Plugging which helps to filer the word count of the reference and citations and give the final word count of the document.
There are different ways that can use a citation beginning of the sentence. But always need to have author's surname and year when citing.
- As stated by ABC (2012)
- According to ABC (2012)
- As per ABC (2012)
- As said by ABC (2012)
- As mentioned by ABC (2012)
- As told by ABC (2012)
- As reflected by ABC (2012)
- As depict by ABC (2012)
- Based on ABC (2012)
- As pointed out by ABC (2012)
- In companion to ABC (2012)
- ABC (2012) describes that
- Based on the investigation ABC (2012)
- As proved by ABC (2012)
- As said by ABC (2012)
- ABC (2012) agreed that
- ABC (2012) makes the point that
- ABC (2012) says that
- As criticized by ABC (2012)
- In comparison to ABC (2012)
- As ABC (2012) wrote that
- As noted by ABC (2012)
- ABC (2012) argued that
After that lecturer discussed some golden rules where can follow when citing and referencing.
1. Don't always stick to one particular frame to introduce references. Better to have a variety or mixture of them.
2. Don not quote (Copy Paste) more than three lines. If its direct copying use inverted commas also do not copy pate (quote) more than three lines.
3. Always Paraphrase. State multiple citations.
4. If you cant find the year it should state as "n.b"
5. Try to avoid anonymous author. If its a site state the site name or the organization name that site belongs to.
6. If the year is not available based on the reference content try to find the year. If not can use "circa" which means approximate year for the content. Ex:- As Peter stated (2012 C)
7. Citing Interviews/Emails - Have to mention as personal communication by including as "Pers.comm". This need to mention after the name of the interviewed person. This style can use for the emails as well. Example (Fernando, R., 2012, pers.comm., 4th September)
8. If there is a word to word copy it should placed within the inverted commons.
Learning Outcomes:-
I found lecture as very important for me I learnt new areas in referencing like in citing and references. Also I found some of the ways that I used to cite was wrong and now I know what ways are the correct ways to citing. The number of citations use in the document reflects the percentage or how much of research has done the student. The golden rules that given by the lecturer is very helpful it is like a summary of the today lecture. I am looking forward to use the tips that given by the lecture to referencing and citing and make sure to avoid the mistakes that I have done in referencing in the documents.
References:-
Cape Peninsula University of Technology. (2012). Referencing. [Online]. Available at: http://ixion.cput.ac.za/library_2/infoLit/referencing.htm [Accessed 4th September 2012].
Newcastle University. (2008). Referencing. [Online]. Available at: http://www.newcastle.edu.au/Resources/Divisions/Academic/Library/information-skills/foundation-portal/referencing-whydo.html [Accessed 4th September 2012].
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